1. Logical
or topical pattern
Use this pattern when you have several
ideas to present and one idea naturally follows on from another.
Or you may have one main topic, such as 'Advertising', which
can be divided into three subtopics; Television Advertising,
Magazine Advertising, and Radio Advertising. This is a useful
pattern for informative speeches.
2. Chronological
or Time Sequence pattern
Use this pattern when your main points
are connected by 'time'. For example, if you are going to give
a speech about the history of Toyota would begin with how the
company was created, and finish with a description of may what
happen to the company in the future. Demonstration speeches
also use time sequence patterns. For example, if you are demonstrating
how to make a cake, the your first point will be about the ingredients,
and your last point will be about taking the cake out of the
oven.
3. Spatial
or Geographical pattern
Use this pattern when your main points
cover a certain physical space. This physical space could be
anything from buildings in a university, to regions in a country.
For example, if you were going to give an informative speech about
Tokyo, each point could be about a certain district in Tokyo.
Or, if you were going to give a speech about skiing in Japan,
each point would be about a certain ski area (e.g. Nisseko, Appi,
Zao, Tateyama and Iox Arosa), or about a certain part of Japan
in which it is possible to ski (e.g. Hokkaido, Tohoku and Chubu).
4. Classification
pattern
Use this pattern when your main points
are all about parts of one larger unit. For example, if your
speech is about the Japanese Education system, your first main
point would be about kindergarten, and your last point about
universities. Or, if your speech is about advantages of using
a certain computer, each main point would cover one certain advantage.
5. Problem-Solution
pattern
Use this pattern when you have two main
points; one point is about a problem, and the second is the solution
to the problem. This pattern is often used in persuasive speeches.
For example, if you were trying to persuade the audience to take
regular exercise, your first main point would be about poor health
of many people, and your second point would be about how to become
healthier by exercising (the solution). Each of these two points
could be organised in their own way. For example, the first point
could have a 'classification pattern' in which you could describe
the various health problems that people have. he second point
could have a 'logical pattern' in which you describe some exercises
that people can take, starting with easier exercises and finishing
with some harder ones.
6. Cause-effect
pattern
Use this pattern when you have two main
points; the first point is about the cause of a problem, and
the second is the effects of the problem. For example, if you
were giving an informative speech about environmental pollution,
your first problem would describe how environmental pollution
is caused, and your second point would be about the effects that
this environmental pollution has on our lives. As with the 'problem-solution
pattern', each point will probably be organised using one of
the above patterns.
7. Advantage-Disadvantage
pattern
Use this pattern when have two main
points; one point is about the advantages of something, and the
second point is about the disadvantages of something. For example
if you were trying to persuade people to buy a certain car, you
would talk about the advantages of that car in one point, and
then the disadvantages in another point. As with the 'problem-solution
pattern', each point will probably be organised using one of
the above patterns.